The anthers do not release pollen except via buzz pollination, such as provided by bumble bees. Pepper flowers have nectaries at the base of the corolla, which helps to attract pollinators. While generally self-pollinating, insect visitation is known to increase the fruit size and speed of ripening, as well as to ensure symmetrical development. Depending on cultivar, fruit may be green, red, yellow, orange, or black, with many changing colour as they mature. Its fruit is a true berry coming in a variety of shapes, sizes, pungency, and sweetness. įlowers are star or bell-shaped with 4–5 petals which can be white, green, or purple in colour. In some cultivars leaves turn dark purple or black. It has roughly oval glossy leaves with smooth margins reaching up to 7.5 cm (3 inches) in length. Characteristics Ĭapsicum annuum is a herb or small shrub growing to a height between 0.3 to 1.2 metres (1–4 feet) and a width of 15 to 30 cm (6–12 inches). annuum and are not consistently recognizable features in C. frutescens, but the features that were used to distinguish those forms appear in many populations of C. In the past, some woody forms of this species have been called C. Cultivars descended from the wild American bird pepper are still found in warmer regions of the Americas. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, including sweet bell peppers and some chili pepper varieties such as jalapeños, New Mexico chile, and cayenne peppers, all of which are nightshades. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. ex Steud.Ĭapsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
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